China is a country full of history and culture. With so many cities that have seen the rise and fall of dynasties, it’s a great place to explore. Each city has its own story and offers a unique glimpse into the past. This article highlights the top cities to visit in China and their historical wonders.
Key Takeaways
- Beijing, the capital city, is home to the Great Wall and the Forbidden City.
- Xi’an is famous for the Terracotta Warriors and ancient city walls.
- Luoyang boasts the Longmen Grottoes and ancient temples.
- Nanjing has the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Ming Tombs.
- Chengdu is known for its rich Shu civilization and giant pandas.
1. Beijing
Beijing, the capital of China, offers a unique mix of history and modernity. Traveling to China wouldn’t be complete without a visit to this city. With a history spanning nearly 3,000 years, Beijing is one of the four great ancient capitals of China.
Historical Sites
- The Forbidden City: Once the imperial palace, it now serves as a museum showcasing China’s rich history.
- The Great Wall: Specifically, the Mutianyu section is a great, stress-free way to enjoy one of the seven wonders of the world.
- The Temple of Heaven: A complex of religious buildings visited by the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
- The Summer Palace: A vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, and palaces.
- The Ming Tombs: The burial site of 13 Ming dynasty emperors.
Modern Attractions
Modern Beijing is a bustling center of commerce and politics. It features high-end hotels, fancy restaurants, and bright lights. The city also has heritage areas like the hutongs, which are Beijing’s most expensive real estate.
Beijing is a city that satisfies diverse interests, from those hungry for culture and history to those curious about contemporary advancements.
Cultural Insights
Beijing is not just about historical sites; it’s also the cultural heart of China. The National Museum of China and various temples offer a deep dive into the country’s rich heritage. Traveling in China is incomplete without experiencing the cultural depth of Beijing.
Conclusion
Whether you’re visiting China for its historical wonders or modern attractions, Beijing offers an unparalleled experience. From the ancient walls to the bustling modern streets, this city has something for everyone.
2. Xi’an
Xi’an, one of China’s oldest capitals, has a rich history spanning over 3,500 years. It has been the capital for 13 dynasties, from the Western Zhou to the Tang Dynasty, which was the most thriving era for Xi’an. Xi’an is one of the Four Great Ancient Capital Cities, alongside Rome, Athens, and Cairo. It is also the starting point of the Silk Road, which has greatly influenced its cultural and historical significance.
Key Attractions
- Terracotta Warriors & Horses: These life-sized statues were buried with China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, to protect him in the afterlife.
- Ancient City Wall: Built over 2,000 years ago, this wall showcases the power and wisdom of ancient China.
- Giant Wild Goose Pagoda: A Buddhist pagoda built during the Tang Dynasty, it is a symbol of Xi’an’s historical and cultural heritage.
- The Shaanxi History Museum: This museum offers a deep dive into the region’s rich history and culture.
Xi’an is a lively city, known for its red lantern-lined streets that sparkle at night. It offers a more relaxed atmosphere compared to Beijing, making it a fun and vibrant place to visit.
3. Luoyang
Luoyang is often overlooked by travelers who prefer the more famous cities like Beijing and Shanghai. However, Luoyang is a treasure trove of Chinese history. It was the capital for 13 dynasties, just like Xi’an, until the Northern Song dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng in the 10th century.
Historical Sites
- Longmen Grottoes: These are some of the most impressive rock carvings in China and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Shaolin Temple: Known as the birthplace of Shaolin Kung Fu.
- White Horse Temple: China’s first Buddhist temple.
Museums
Luoyang has several museums where you can learn more about its rich history:
- Luoyang Museum: Offers a deep dive into the city’s past.
- Luoyang Ancient Tombs Museum: Features ancient tombs and artifacts.
- Erlitou Site Museum: Showcases relics from the early Chinese dynasties.
- Tianzi Jialiu Museum: Another great place to explore ancient Chinese history.
Luoyang is a must-visit for anyone interested in China’s fascinating past. The city’s historical sites and museums offer a unique glimpse into ancient Chinese civilization.
4. Nanjing
Nanjing, located in Jiangsu Province in Eastern China, has a history that spans nearly 2,500 years. This city, known as the Southern Capital since 265 AD, is rich in cultural and historical sites. Nanjing was the capital of the Republic of China from 1927 to 1949, making it a key location for understanding China’s republican era.
Key Historical Sites
- Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum: A tribute to the founding father of modern China.
- Confucius Temple: A place to learn about the teachings of Confucius.
- Qinhuai River: A scenic river that has been the lifeline of the city for centuries.
- Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum: The tomb of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
- Dabaoen Temple: Known for its historical significance and beautiful architecture.
- Memorial Hall to the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre: A somber reminder of the city’s turbulent past.
- Presidential Palace: Offers a glimpse into the political history of the Republic of China.
Nanjing is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in China’s rich history and culture. The city’s profound eminence in Chinese history is unmatched, making it a key stop for travelers.
When planning your trip, consider introducing a traveler guide to post-covid-19 to China. Must-visit destinations include the Yangtze River, Shanghai, and Guilin. Budgeting tips are also provided to make your journey smoother.
5. Kaifeng
Kaifeng, once the world’s largest city during the Northern Song Dynasty, is a treasure trove of history and culture. Despite suffering significant damage over the centuries, the city still showcases its ancient charm.
Historical Significance
Kaifeng served as the capital for eight different reigns. It is famous for the painting “Along the River During Qingming Festival,” often called "China’s Mona Lisa." The city is also known for having the only well-documented Jewish community in China.
Must-Visit Sites
- Millennium City Park: A theme park that recreates the cityscape depicted in the famous painting.
- Iron Pagoda: A 13-story pagoda made of iron-colored bricks, standing as a testament to ancient Chinese architecture.
- Kaifeng Museum: Offers a deep dive into the city’s rich history.
- Kaifeng Palace: The originally preserved ancient government office.
- Memorial Temple of Lord Bao: Dedicated to Bao Zheng, a famous Song Dynasty official.
- Xiangguo Temple: The largest Buddhist temple from the Northern Song Dynasty.
- Dragon Pavilion Park: A beautiful park featuring the Dragon Pavilion, a symbol of Kaifeng’s imperial past.
Kaifeng is a city where the past and present coexist, offering a unique glimpse into China’s rich cultural heritage.
6. Hangzhou
Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, is known for its picturesque landscapes and rich history. Located in Southeast China, this city has been a cultural hub for nearly 2,200 years.
West Lake
West Lake is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Hangzhou’s most famous attractions. A stroll around the lake reveals ancient pagodas, tranquil temples, and scenic causeways. It’s a perfect place to learn about the city’s past.
Lingyin Temple
Lingyin Temple, also known as the Temple of the Soul’s Retreat, is one of the largest and wealthiest Buddhist temples in China. The temple complex includes numerous pagodas and Buddhist grottoes.
Leifeng Pagoda
Leifeng Pagoda is a five-story tower with a rich history dating back to the 10th century. It offers stunning views of West Lake and the surrounding area.
Tea Culture
Hangzhou is famous for its tea, particularly Longjing tea. A visit to Meijiawu Tea Village allows you to experience Chinese tea culture firsthand. You can learn about tea production and enjoy a traditional tea ceremony.
Wuzhen Water Town
A short trip from Hangzhou, Wuzhen Water Town offers a glimpse into traditional Chinese life. With its charming scenery and relaxed pace, it’s a perfect day trip destination.
Hangzhou’s blend of natural beauty and historical wonders makes it a must-visit city in China.
7. Anyang
Anyang, a city in Henan Province, is a treasure trove of ancient Chinese history. It was mostly abandoned until it became the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty around 398 AD. This period saw the construction of the impressive Yungang Grottoes, which were built with the support of the imperial court.
Historical Gates
Anyang is known for its beautifully decorated gates. The east gate is called ‘Anding – Harmony & Peace,’ the west gate is ‘Yongning – Eternal Peace,’ the south gate is ‘Anyuan – Forever Harmony,’ and the north gate is ‘Yongning – Eternal Peace.’ The Yongning gate is particularly stunning.
Top Attractions
- Yungang Grottoes: These grottoes are a must-see, showcasing intricate carvings and statues.
- Ancient City Walls: Walk along these walls to get a sense of the city’s historical significance.
- Museums: Visit local museums to learn more about Anyang’s rich history.
Anyang offers a unique glimpse into China’s ancient past, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts.
8. Suzhou
Famous for its exquisite silk, magical gardens, and canals, Suzhou has rightly earned the title of ‘Oriental Venice’. If quintessentially picturesque China is what you’re after, then Suzhou is a definite inclusion on your destination list. Find crisscrossing canals, stone bridges, enchanting classical gardens, and a relaxed, easy lifestyle. And while Suzhou’s reputation extends beyond its gardens, these are a highlight and not to be missed.
Suzhou has a lot to offer; not just museums, canals, and water towns. The Garden City excels when it comes to art and architecture with world-famous landmarks like the Humble Administrator’s Garden, Lingering Garden, and Panmen Gate each a delight to witness. There are more than 60 classical gardens in the city to keep you occupied. If you love to appreciate a symphonic combination of meticulously designed architecture, featured shaped stones, and idyllic scenery, then make Suzhou the next stop of your China tour.
Established in 514 BC, Suzhou is one of the oldest cities in China’s Yangtze River Delta region, leading the nation’s silk-producing. The city has a history that goes back to over 2,500 years and you can learn all about it at the Suzhou Museum, one of the top museums in China dedicated to the area’s past.
Highlights
- Humble Administrator’s Garden: A masterpiece of classical Chinese garden design.
- Lingering Garden: Known for its beautiful layout and artistic architecture.
- Panmen Gate: A historical landmark with a rich past.
- Tiger Hill: A scenic spot with historical significance.
- Suzhou Museum: Offers a deep dive into the city’s 2,500-year history.
- Tongli Water Town: A charming water town with ancient bridges and buildings.
- Zhouzhuang Water Town: Often referred to as the ‘Venice of the East’.
- Hanshan Temple: A serene temple with a tranquil atmosphere.
9. Datong
Datong, originally known as Pingcheng, was founded in 200 BC during the Han Dynasty. Its location near the Yanmenguan Pass of the Great Wall made it a bustling trade center connecting northern China and Inner Mongolia. Unfortunately, the city declined towards the end of the dynasty but was revived as the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty around 398 AD.
History lovers will find Datong a treasure trove of ancient Chinese culture. The city is home to several remarkable historical sites:
- Yungang Grottoes: Located 18 kilometers west of Datong, this site features over 51,000 Buddha statues, showcasing the industrious nature of ancient Chinese people.
- Hanging Temple: This photogenic temple is embedded into the cliff-face of Mount Hengshan, offering a unique architectural marvel.
- Nine Dragon Screen: Within the city walls, this screen is one of the three main attractions, along with Huayan Temple and Shanhua Temple.
Datong is often called a live museum of ancient Chinese sculpture, reflecting its rich history and cultural significance.
Datong is located in Shanxi Province, North China, and is easily accessible with direct flights from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.
10. Chengdu
Chengdu is a city that offers a mix of relaxation and excitement. Tea culture is a big part of life here. Walk down Jinli Street to see tea merchants at work. You can even sample some tea and buy a tin to take home.
Must-See Attractions
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding: This is the place to see China’s most adorable animals, the giant pandas. Make sure to book ahead to secure your visit.
- Jinli Street: A historic street where you can see traditional Chinese architecture and enjoy local snacks.
- Leshan Giant Buddha: A massive statue carved out of a cliff, it’s a sight you won’t want to miss.
Culinary Delights
Sichuan food is a must-try when in Chengdu. Have at least one authentic hot pot meal. It’s not only delicious but also a fun way to share a meal with friends.
Chengdu is a city where you can create lasting travel memories, especially with its unique blend of history and modern life.
Historical Sites
- Wuhou Temple: A temple dedicated to Zhuge Liang, a famous military strategist.
- Dufu Thatched Cottage: The former residence of the famous poet Dufu, now a museum.
Chengdu is a city that perfectly blends the old with the new, making it a must-visit destination in China.
Conclusion
China is a treasure trove of historical wonders and vibrant cities. From the ancient walls of Beijing to the Terracotta Army in Xi’an, each city offers a unique glimpse into the country’s rich past. Traveling through China is like stepping back in time while enjoying the comforts of modern life. Whether you’re exploring bustling markets, ancient temples, or scenic landscapes, there’s always something new to discover. Remember to respect local customs and traditions, and you’ll find your journey through China both enlightening and unforgettable. So pack your bags and get ready for an adventure of a lifetime!
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best time to visit China?
The best time to visit China is during the spring (April to May) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and comfortable.
Do I need a visa to travel to China?
Yes, most travelers need a visa to enter China. You should apply for it before your trip at the Chinese embassy or consulate in your country.
Is it safe to travel to China?
China is generally a safe country for tourists. However, it’s always good to stay alert and be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded areas.
What are some must-try foods in China?
You should definitely try Peking duck in Beijing, dumplings in Xi’an, and Hangzhou’s West Lake fish. Don’t miss out on street foods like skewers and baozi (steamed buns).
Can I use credit cards in China?
Credit cards are accepted in most hotels, restaurants, and large stores. However, it’s a good idea to carry some cash, especially when visiting smaller shops or markets.
What should I avoid doing in China?
Avoid discussing sensitive political topics, and always show respect for local customs and traditions. Also, be mindful of your behavior in religious and historical sites.
